By Francis Allan L. Angelo
The Philippines experienced a historic onslaught of tropical cyclones in 2024, a stark indicator of the escalating climate crisis that is reshaping life across the South-West Pacific, according to a new report from the World Meteorological Organization.
The “State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024” report, released Thursday in Geneva, warned that the region endured its hottest year on record, with sea levels rising faster than the global average and marine heatwaves affecting an oceanic area the size of Asia.
Nowhere was the dual reality of vulnerability and resilience more visible than in the Philippines.
From September to November 2024, the country faced 12 tropical cyclones—more than double its seasonal average—impacting 13 million people and displacing more than 1.4 million across 17 of its 18 regions.
Typhoons Trami, Kong-rey, and Man-yi brought torrential rains, flash floods, and storm surges that battered infrastructure, homes, and farmlands.
Preliminary estimates place total damage at $430 million (roughly PHP 25 billion), affecting thousands of households and straining emergency services.
Yet amid the destruction, the Philippines demonstrated a critical edge: preparedness.
The report cited the country’s early warning systems and anticipatory action protocols as instrumental in saving lives and securing livelihoods.
In one highlighted case, coastal communities received emergency cash and warnings in time to evacuate and protect fishing boats ahead of Super Typhoon Man-yi’s landfall in November.
“This anticipatory action is not just about speed. It’s about dignity, community empowerment, and resilience,” said a spokesperson from the Food and Agriculture Organization, which coordinated relief operations with local agencies. sh transfers and mobilize coastal evacuations, demonstrating the value of proactive climate response models.
The initiative aligns with the Philippines’ National Adaptation Plan, submitted in 2024, which forecasts fewer storms in future decades, but warns that those that do form will be significantly more intense.
The WMO’s findings underscore how climate change is amplifying weather extremes in the South-West Pacific, home to some of the world’s most climate-vulnerable populations.
Driven in part by the lingering 2023–2024 El Niño, average land temperatures in the region rose 0.48 degrees Celsius above the 1991–2020 average.
The Philippines, Brunei, and Singapore recorded their hottest years on record.
In April 2024, Metro Manila hit 38.8 degrees Celsius—its highest temperature ever—fanning fears of a heat-related public health crisis and exposing gaps in urban heat resilience.
The record-breaking heat was mirrored beneath the waves.
Ocean heat content in the South-West Pacific reached near-record levels, tying with 2021 and 2023 and just behind the record set in 2022.
Sea surface temperatures also broke historical records.
Marine heatwaves stretched across 40 million square kilometers—more than 10% of the global ocean—impacting biodiversity, fisheries, and food security.
“2024 was the warmest year on record in the South-West Pacific region,” said WMO Secretary-General Prof. Celeste Saulo. “Ocean heat and acidification combined to inflict long-lasting damage to marine ecosystems and economies. Sea-level rise is an existential threat to entire island nations.”
For Pacific island states, sea-level rise has become a slow-moving catastrophe.
The report documented that the region’s sea level is rising faster than the global average, pushing low-lying communities toward relocation.
In Fiji’s Serua Island, two decades of erosion and flooding have made parts of the village uninhabitable.
In 2024 alone, seawater breached homes, destroyed crops, and inundated graveyards.
“On two separate occasions, the island experienced such extreme flooding that it was possible to cross it entirely by boat,” the report noted.
Despite government offers of relocation, many residents resist leaving Serua due to the Indigenous Fijian concept of vanua—a deeply spiritual bond with ancestral land.
Elsewhere, environmental changes are transforming once-stable ecosystems.
Indonesia’s last tropical glacier in Papua continued its rapid retreat in 2024, losing 30–50% of its area since 2022.
Scientists project the glacier will disappear entirely by 2026, if current melting rates persist.
The disappearance of such glaciers removes a crucial source of freshwater and disrupts regional climate patterns, according to WMO experts.
The region also saw major flooding and landslides in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Meanwhile, drought conditions plagued southern Australia and northern New Zealand, and rainfall was erratic across the rest of the Pacific.
In the Philippines, weather disruptions extended beyond typhoons.
Northern provinces recorded extreme precipitation, while other areas suffered flash floods due to oversaturated soils and urban drainage failures.
The WMO report frames these extremes as symptomatic of a deepening global climate emergency, but also highlights avenues for adaptation and resilience.
It praised the Early Warnings for All (EW4All) initiative as a “tangible, effective measure that can save lives now.”
The Philippines’ case study is central to that argument.
By using risk-informed early warnings and integrating climate data into community-level action plans, the country minimized fatalities during one of its worst storm seasons in history.
The success is also rooted in longstanding international collaboration.
Through support from the Green Climate Fund, the Philippines has expanded its disaster forecasting network, trained local emergency responders, and upgraded critical communications infrastructure.
“These investments pay off,” said Clare Nullis, WMO media officer. “This is what adaptation looks like in practice. It’s not abstract—it’s boots on the ground, alerts sent out, boats moved, money in hand before the storm.”
Still, the report cautioned that the gap between climate risk and response remains dangerously wide across much of the South-West Pacific.
Island nations face mounting pressure to decide between staying and relocating, between cultural preservation and physical survival.
The United Nations estimates that 50,000 people across the Pacific face displacement every year due to climate-related threats.
“The sea is not just rising—it is claiming lives, economies, and identities,” said UN Secretary-General António Guterres during a 2024 Pacific tour that included a visit to Tonga. “This region is on the frontlines of the climate crisis. It is also on the frontlines of humanity’s moral responsibility.”
With over half the South-West Pacific population living within 500 meters of the coast, the consequences of inaction could be catastrophic.
The WMO called for major investments in mangrove restoration, integrated coastal management, and the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge in adaptation planning.
In the Philippines, local governments are beginning to respond.
Several coastal barangays in Quezon, Leyte, and Bicol have begun piloting “green dike” projects that use vegetation buffers and natural barriers to reduce storm surge impact.
In Eastern Samar, where Typhoon Man-yi made landfall, some municipalities are experimenting with community-based relocation programs that keep cultural practices intact while reducing exposure.
“Building resilience is not just a technical project—it’s a social contract,” said the Climate Change Commission of the Philippines in a statement accompanying the release of the WMO report. “Our adaptation strategies must be rooted in local realities, supported by science, and empowered by the people.”
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