How Dr. José Rizal spent his days in Dapitan City
AT A GLANCE
I rise early in the morning, at five, visit my plants, feed the chickens, awaken my people, and prepare our breakfast. At half past seven, we eat our breakfast, which consists of tea, bread, cheese, sweets, and other things. — Dr. José Rizal
In fear of Dr. José Rizal’s growing influence among the people due to his calls for social reform, the Spanish colonial government hoped to extinguish Rizal’s reach by sending him off to the City of Dapitan in Zamboanga del Norte, Mindanao. He arrived via boat on July 17, 1892. Ever the optimist, rather than lamenting his newfound fate, Rizal put his time in exile to good use by helping improve the isolated city.
Using his share of winnings from a lottery ticket, Rizal bought a plot of land in Talisay, a seaside barangay in Dapitan. There, he lived a simple life, using his time to tend to his farm, treat his patients, teach children, read, and write. He detailed how his morning starts in a letter to his dear friend, Ferdinand Blumentritt, “I rise early in the morning, at five, visit my plants, feed the chickens, awaken my people, and prepare our breakfast. At half past seven, we eat our breakfast, which consists of tea, bread, cheese, sweets, and other things.”
As relaxing as his letter made it out to be, Rizal was a busy man, always on the move to try and improve things for Dapitan. Hoping to pass on his extensive knowledge, Rizal started a school to provide basic education to young children. As most of his students came from further provinces, he took them in as boarders and let them stay in two dormitories on his farmland—Casa Redonda and Casa Cuadrada. In exchange for their schooling, the students assisted Rizal in his chores and farming.
Curious as ever, Rizal spent a lot of his time exploring the nature of Dapitan. Collecting various seashells and butterflies, he amassed a wide collection of wildlife during his stay. This curiosity led him to discover four new species—a tree frog, a flying lizard, and two beetles. Using some knowledge of engineering, Rizal also managed to create an irrigation system to bring water from surrounding springs and rivers to the farmlands.
Dapitan also served as a place where Rizal found true love. It was here that he met Josephine Bracken, an Irish woman born in Hong Kong. Their paths crossed due to many speaking highly of Rizal’s skills as an ophthalmologist in Hong Kong. Hoping to have George Taufer, her adoptive father, undergo treatment for his double cataracts, they headed for Dapitan. While Rizal realized there was nothing he could do for Taufer, he found that he had fallen for Bracken. The two were said to spend their days sitting with a view of the sea on a heart-shaped rock, referred to as Mi Retiro Rock, after the series of poems Rizal supposedly wrote on the rock. After only a few months, Rizal hoped to make it official by marrying Bracken.
Unfortunately, with Rizal being excommunicated from the Catholic Church for joining the Masons, he was unable to marry Bracken in a traditional sense. Instead, they would exchange their vows in a common-law marriage. It’s later claimed that the two would get a proper marriage before his execution, but much of its validity is still debated among historians. Perhaps the most tragic part of their romance is the death of Rizal and Bracken’s would-be son after a premature birth.
Rizal’s four years in Dapitan would come to an end after the hero hoped to embark on a journey to Cuba to serve as a voluntary military doctor in Cuba. Sadly, he would never make it to Cuba after the Spanish government had him arrested mid-travel and sent back home for sentencing. His properties in Dapitan were confiscated by the government.
Today, Rizal’s life lives on as we dedicate Dec. 30, the date of his execution at Bagumbayan, to commemorate his lifelong achievements.
On this special day, may we learn to live by his example, serving as a man for others and always hoping to improve the lives of our countrymen.
